Which of the following lists the graft materials used for socket preservation?

• A. Autograft, allograft
• B. Alloplast
• C. Autograft, allograft, xenograft, alloplast
• D. Xenograft, alloplast

Answer: (C)

Graft materials for socket preservation come in four broad categories: autograft, allograft, xenograft, and alloplast. Autograft uses the patient’s own bone, offering often the best biological integration but requiring a second surgical site. Allograft uses donor human bone, avoiding a donor-site surgery but with varying osteoconductive or osteoinductive properties. Xenograft comes from another species (commonly bovine) and provides primarily osteoconduction with slower resorption. Alloplast are synthetic or inorganic materials (like hydroxyapatite or beta-TCP) that mainly provide a scaffold for new bone growth and can have predictable handling and resorption rates.

The best answer lists all four categories, giving a complete view of the graft material options used in socket preservation. The other options omit one or more material types, making them incomplete representations of the materials available for this procedure.