Which of the following is NOT a graft material used for socket preservation?

• A. Autograft
• B. Allograft
• C. Titanium mesh
• D. Xenograft

Answer: (C)

In socket preservation, the goal is to support new bone formation inside the extraction socket using materials that act as grafts or bone substitutes. Autograft, allograft, and xenograft are all sources of graft material: autograft is the patient’s own bone, providing living cells and growth factors; allograft is donor human bone; xenograft is bone from another species, typically processed to serve as a scaffold. Titanium mesh, by contrast, is a rigid barrier used to maintain space and contour while the graft material works, but it does not supply bone itself. So it is not a graft material.