In geriatric dentistry, why is fluoride varnish used?

• A. To whiten teeth.
• B. To promote remineralization and protect against caries.
• C. To permanently seal teeth.
• D. It is not used in elderly patients.

Answer: (B)

Topical fluoride varnish is used to promote remineralization of demineralized tooth structure and to protect against caries. In older adults, the risk of caries rises due to factors like dry mouth from medications, reduced saliva, gingival recession exposing root surfaces, and challenges with maintaining oral hygiene. A varnish with a high concentration of fluoride is painted onto the tooth surfaces, delivering fluoride directly where it’s needed. This fluoride helps re-deposit minerals into the enamel and dentin, forming fluorapatite that is more resistant to acid attacks. It also aids in reversing early, non-cavitated lesions when caught early. The varnish sticks to the tooth for a short period, providing a protective reservoir of fluoride with minimal ingestion risk, which makes it especially suitable for elderly patients. It is a preventive measure, not a whitening treatment, and not a permanent sealant; it is indeed used in elderly patients to reduce caries risk and promote remineralization.